Evaluation of APSIM-wheat to simulate the response of yield and grain protein content to nitrogen application on an Andosol in Japan

The self-sufficiency ratio and national average yield of wheat are low in Japan. Reducing the gap receiving government subsidy for grain quality vital strategies profitability. Elucidating optimum nitrogen application scheme is awaited to attain both higher appropriate protein content (GPC) cultivation Such decision support can be realized by integrating field experimental knowledge crop growth models, although they have scarcely been utilized production Therefore, purposes this study were apply a widely used model (APSIM) on an Andosol Kanto region Japan calibration validation. Selected parameters APSIM-wheat phenology, leaf growth, formation readjusted based phenology data soft hard cultivars. Then was validated using similar variables obtained independent experiment. For simulation sowing winter area (November), root mean square error 23 48 g m−2 Ayahikari Yumeshiho varieties, respectively, that GPC 1.9 1.4%. Thus, overall performance acceptable sowing. However, dry matter significantly overestimated when late groups included. further improvement suggested add algorithm reduce number emerged plants under cold temperature conditions.